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Exam Guides — Interpretation of Statutes
20 detailed model answers across 5 units. Each guide covers the most frequently asked essay-type exam questions with color-coded highlights, case laws, and structured answers ready for KSLU Sem 5 exams.
Unit 1
Meaning, Object & Principles of Legislation
Meaning & definition of interpretation. Bentham's principle of utility. Kinds of pleasures & pains. Repeal of statutes — power, consequences, express & implied.
Unit 2
Internal & External Aids
Preamble as internal aid. Parliamentary & legislative history. Reference to other statutes. Non-obstante & saving clauses.
Unit 3
Primary & Secondary Rules
Ejusdem generis (most asked). Noscitur a sociis. Heydon's rule / mischief rule. Golden rule as modification of literal rule.
Unit 4
Presumptions & Maxims
Retrospective operation of statutes. Presumption against intending injustice. Territorial operation. Important maxims — Expressio unius, Generalia specialibus & more.
Unit 5
Subject-matter & Constitutional Interpretation
Penal statutes — strict construction. Mandatory & directory provisions. Taxing statutes. Constitutional interpretation — pith & substance, colourable legislation.